The clinical signs of aging facial is commonly described and treated based on three general anatomical locations. The upper face has many interrelated components, including the hair, forehead, glabellar area (the space between the eyebrows), the temple, eyebrows and eyes. … Continue reading
Sirtuin (SIRT1 -SIRT7) are a group of enzymes with varying intracellular location that either function as histone deacetylase or as mono-ribosyltransferase. Sirtuins are classified according to intracellular location and enzymatic activities and function. SIRT1, 2, 3. 6 are deacetylase and … Continue reading
The dermis of skin is a connective tissue that contains an extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) whose biophysical properties are determined primarily by this matrix. Although collagen and elastin are the major extracellular matrix molecules of the dermis that provide skin … Continue reading
The mechanical properties of the skin are of importance for various cosmetic and clinical applications. The mechanical properties of the skin are age-, gender-, and race- and region dependent and are influenced by the use of different skin care products … Continue reading
Topography of the skin surface is a mirror of the functional skin status. Surface roughness is an important criterion for assessing the health status of the skin. Changes in roughness occur, among other things, in the case of congenital keratinization … Continue reading
Using scientific advances that have recently emerged from the Human Genome Project, skin scientists are beginning to gain a deeper understanding of the genes involved in the skin aging process. Gene chip technology can measure the signals sent out by … Continue reading
PYCR1 is a gene involved in the synthesis of proline – a common amino acid involved in metabolism. The protein encoded by PYCR1 is an mitochondrial Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 – an oxidoreductase enzyme – that catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent conversion of … Continue reading
Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modification play an important role for cellular senescence and aging including skin aging. DNA can be methylated at cytosine residue (CpG). DNA methylation provide an mechanism for the regulation of programmed progressive … Continue reading
Wrinkles and fine lines are the most evident manifestation of facial aging. It is not just the skin structural and facial muscles change that contribute to the formation of wrinkle such as loss of elasticity and volume. Changes in bone … Continue reading
Many of facial skin aging changes are not the inevitable result of chronologic aging, but with the accumulation of chronic environmental factors. The structural (molecular, cellular), histological changes and the clinical signs associated with intrinsic (chronological aging) and photoaging are … Continue reading