Topography of the skin surface is a mirror of the functional skin status. Surface roughness is an important criterion for assessing the health status of the skin. Changes in roughness occur, among other things, in the case of congenital keratinization … Continue reading
Using scientific advances that have recently emerged from the Human Genome Project, skin scientists are beginning to gain a deeper understanding of the genes involved in the skin aging process. Gene chip technology can measure the signals sent out by … Continue reading
PYCR1 is a gene involved in the synthesis of proline – a common amino acid involved in metabolism. The protein encoded by PYCR1 is an mitochondrial Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 – an oxidoreductase enzyme – that catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent conversion of … Continue reading
Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modification play an important role for cellular senescence and aging including skin aging. DNA can be methylated at cytosine residue (CpG). DNA methylation provide an mechanism for the regulation of programmed progressive … Continue reading
Wrinkles and fine lines are the most evident manifestation of facial aging. It is not just the skin structural and facial muscles change that contribute to the formation of wrinkle such as loss of elasticity and volume. Changes in bone … Continue reading
Many of facial skin aging changes are not the inevitable result of chronologic aging, but with the accumulation of chronic environmental factors. The structural (molecular, cellular), histological changes and the clinical signs associated with intrinsic (chronological aging) and photoaging are … Continue reading
The complex group of facial muscles are related to the facial lines that are caused by the contraction of and/or the repeated movement of facial muscles. Combined with the aging factors which result in the loss of skin elasticity and … Continue reading
The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium, composed of proliferating basal and differentiated suprabasal keratinocytes which acts as the body’s natural barrier to infection. The epidermis and skin appendages need to be renewed constantly to protect the body from dehydration, … Continue reading
Wrinkles are perhaps the most obvious and easily measurable aspect of facial aging. Yet there are other age-related changes that can contribute to the “aged look” at least as much as wrinkles. These can be changes that contribute to facial … Continue reading
Structures at the Epidermal -Dermal junction (DEJ) derive their origin from the epidermis and dermis: the basal lamina is primarily of epidermal origin, the anchoring fibrils of dermal origin. The junction serves the following functions: (1) epidermal-dermal adherence, (2) mechanical … Continue reading