The primary mechanism of UV induced skin aging is the production and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS/free radicals is one of the main causes of chronologic and photo skin aging . ROS exerts aging effect via damaging and … Continue reading
The free radical theory of aging established the role of oxidative stress as one of the main causes of aging and skin aging. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) – produced as byproduct of oxidative energy metabolism and induced by external factors … Continue reading
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that produce energy (ATP) by consuming oxygen. In the chronological aging process, mitochondria not only produce less ATP, but they also increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as by-products of aerobic metabolism, particularly during … Continue reading
The molecular signaling pathways associated with skin aging is most and initially studied in the photo skin aging. Numerous researches published combined the pieces of discovery into an general overview picture about what occurred molecularly in photo skin aging. It … Continue reading
The activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a heterodimeric transcription factor belonging to the c-Fos, c-Jun, ATF and JDP families. It regulates and activates genes in response to a variety of stimuli including stress, pathogen infections, cytokines, growth factors. AP-1 thereby … Continue reading
Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein containing motifs with cysteine pattern as the binding sites with other matrix protein or molecules in skin. ECM1 consists of four binding domains for interacting with different ECM molecules ECM1 … Continue reading
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of various age-related diseases and skin aging. Supraphysiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS)—such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anions, and hydroxyl radicals—severely damage proteins, DNA, and lipids, which results in further … Continue reading
The physiological cellular respiration located at mitochondria is always comes with the byproduct of the aerobic metabolism where a small fraction of the oxygen is constantly converted to superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and other ROS. Although within a … Continue reading
The cellular telomere length has been the predictor of life span according to the telomere theory of aging. Telomere is the region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from … Continue reading
Integrins are α β heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that mediate the attachment (adhesion) between a cell and the tissues that surround it, such as other cells or the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the skin epidermis and dermis. There are a number … Continue reading