Structures at the Epidermal -Dermal junction (DEJ) derive their origin from the epidermis and dermis: the basal lamina is primarily of epidermal origin, the anchoring fibrils of dermal origin. The junction serves the following functions: (1) epidermal-dermal adherence, (2) mechanical … Continue reading
Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and play a critical role in wound healing. Fibroblasts make and secrete collagens, elastin, ground substances such as glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins found in the extracellular matrix and … Continue reading
What is Collagen Collagen, a group of naturally occurring proteins and the main component of connective tissue, is the most abundant protein making up 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content. Collagen fibers (fine fibers about 1 nm in … Continue reading
While collagen is critical in maintaining healthy, youthful skin, there is another protein in the skin that is equally important for the health and appearance of skin – Elastin – a protein in connective tissue that is elastic and allows … Continue reading
A wrinkle is a fold, ridge or crease in the skin. Different intrinsic and external factors cause the development of a wrinkle. Biochemical and histological studies has revealed the pathogenesis of wrinkles. Significant biochemical changes contributed to the formation of … Continue reading
The chronological skin aging is driven by the genetic programming – the programmed aging process that also makes the hair white and makes the teeth fall -. When the natural aging process is superimposed with photodamage, the skin ages much … Continue reading
Skin aging can be attributed to photoaging (extrinsic) and chronological (intrinsic) aging. Photoaging and intrinsic aging are induced by damage to human skin attributable to repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and to the passage of time. COX-2 is a … Continue reading
NF-κB is a protein complex that controls the transcription of DNA know as transcription factor which in turn regulate the expression of various genes. NF-κB is found in almost all cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stimuli … Continue reading
Without inflammation, infections would go unchecked and wounds would not heal; however, the process of inflammation and repair can also be harmful. As we age, the immune system becomes less effective and its capacity to manage the inflammatory activity is … Continue reading
A DNA microarray (also commonly known as DNA chip or gene chip technology) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Each DNA spot contains picomoles (10−12 moles) of a specific DNA sequence called probes. Probes … Continue reading