Decorin is an extracellular matrix proteoglycan belonging to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family with a protein core containing leucine repeats with a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain of either chondroitin sulfate (CS) or dermatan sulfate (DS). Decorin, together with versican (bind … Continue reading
Sirtuin (SIRT1 -SIRT7) are a group of enzymes with varying intracellular location that either function as histone deacetylase or as mono-ribosyltransferase. Sirtuins are classified according to intracellular location and enzymatic activities and function. SIRT1, 2, 3. 6 are deacetylase and … Continue reading
The dermis of skin is a connective tissue that contains an extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) whose biophysical properties are determined primarily by this matrix. Although collagen and elastin are the major extracellular matrix molecules of the dermis that provide skin … Continue reading
The mechanical properties of the skin are of importance for various cosmetic and clinical applications. The mechanical properties of the skin are age-, gender-, and race- and region dependent and are influenced by the use of different skin care products … Continue reading
Using scientific advances that have recently emerged from the Human Genome Project, skin scientists are beginning to gain a deeper understanding of the genes involved in the skin aging process. Gene chip technology can measure the signals sent out by … Continue reading
PYCR1 is a gene involved in the synthesis of proline – a common amino acid involved in metabolism. The protein encoded by PYCR1 is an mitochondrial Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 – an oxidoreductase enzyme – that catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent conversion of … Continue reading
Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modification play an important role for cellular senescence and aging including skin aging. DNA can be methylated at cytosine residue (CpG). DNA methylation provide an mechanism for the regulation of programmed progressive … Continue reading
Many of facial skin aging changes are not the inevitable result of chronologic aging, but with the accumulation of chronic environmental factors. The structural (molecular, cellular), histological changes and the clinical signs associated with intrinsic (chronological aging) and photoaging are … Continue reading
The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium, composed of proliferating basal and differentiated suprabasal keratinocytes which acts as the body’s natural barrier to infection. The epidermis and skin appendages need to be renewed constantly to protect the body from dehydration, … Continue reading
Wrinkles are perhaps the most obvious and easily measurable aspect of facial aging. Yet there are other age-related changes that can contribute to the “aged look” at least as much as wrinkles. These can be changes that contribute to facial … Continue reading